Healthcare Analysis Essay Example for Free

Healthcare Analysis Essay 1. Differentiate among the terms strategic management,strategic thinking, strategic planning, and managing strategic momentum. Which of these activities is most important in a healthcare organization and why? ANS: Strategic management consists of the analysis, decisions, and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain competitive advantages. strategic management is concerned with the analysis of strategic goals (vision, mission, and strategic objectives) along with the analysis of the internal and external environment of the organization. Next, leaders must make strategic decisions. These decisions, broadly speaking, address two basic questions: What industries should we compete in?How should we compete in those industries? These questions also often involve an organization’s domestic as well as its international operations. And last are the actions that must be taken. Decisions are of little use, of course, unless they are acted on. Firms must take the necessary actions to implement their strategies. This requires leaders to allocate the necessary resources. Strategic thinking is considered a key thought process of strategic management framework; is defined as the generation and application of unique business insights and opportunities, to create competitive advantage for a firm or organisation. It can be done individually, as well as collaboratively among key people who can positively alter an organisations future. Group strategic thinking create more value by enabling a proactive and creative dialogue, where we gain other peoples perspectives on critical and complex issues which is an important benefit in todays highly competitive and fast-changing business landscape. Strategic planning is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. In order to determine the direction of the organization, it is necessary to understand its current position and the possible avenues through which it can pursue a particular course of action. Generally, strategic planning deals with several key questions like 1 What do we do? 2 For whom do we do it? 3 How do we excel? Strategic momentum is the tendency to maintain or expand the emphasis and direction of prior strategic actions in current strategic behaviour. The most important role as leader of an organization is strategy. The best way to sustain the momentum is by following the guidelines of the Essentials for Successfully Implementing the Strategic Plan and to continue to deploy the small group of people who share the vision and are engaged in helping you implement it. According to me strategic management is the most important activity in a healthcare organization, because a well-formulated strategy can bring various benefits to the organization in present as well as in future. 1 Strategic management takes into account the future and anticipates for it. 2 A strategy is made on rational and logical manner, thus its efficiency and its success are ensured. 3 Strategic management reduces frustration because it has been planned in such a way that it follows a procedure. 4 It brings growth in the organization because it seeks opportunities. 5 With strategic management organizations can avoid helter skelter and they can work directionally. 6 Strategic management also adds to the reputation of the organization because of consistency that results from organizations success. 7 Often organizations draw to a close because of lack of proper strategy to run it. With strategic management organizations can foresee the events in future and that’s why they can remain stable in the market. 8 Strategic management looks at the threats present in the external environment and thus organizations can either work to get rid of them or else neutralizes the threats in such a way that they become an opportunity for their success. 9 Strategic management focuses on proactive approach which enables organization to grasp every opportunity that is available in the market .2. List, describe, differentiate, and provide examples of the different levels of strategic management. ANS: 1 Corporate level 2 Divisional level 3 Organizational level 4 Unit level Corporate level strategies addresses questions like,†what business should we be in.?† For example if we take Trinity, what business should we do..? Health care, including hospitals, long term care units, hospices etc. The other question would be what other options should Trinity consider like mental health centers. Divisional level strategies are more focused and provide direction for a single business type. For Example Trinity Health, strategies must be developed for separately for hospital division, out patient units, hospice care etc.. how many hospitals are optional .. or what markets are available for new chain of hospitals. Organizational level Strategies includes strategies made at an individual organizational level like each hospital in Trinity’s hospital division may develop their own strategies depending upon the present market conditions. Unit level Strategies support organizational strategies through accomplishing various objectives. Unit operational strategies may be developed within departments of an organizations like a hospital with different units, example Medicine department, Surgery unit or paediatric unit etc

Gothic Architecture Essay -- Gothic Cathedrals

Architecture has always been an integral part of the society and its culture. It not only defines the space of the community that it participates in but it also shapes the community’s place in history. Moreover, historians all over the world have found architecture playing a key role while they study the communities in time periods. Architecture helps the historian decipher the civilization's daily life and the values they hold. The historians are able to decipher as such by looking at the recurring structural feature and ornamental feature of certain buildings of certain time period. Some of the significant feature of the building usually defines the political regime or the religious values of the civilization. During the 12th and the 13th century, a certain time period where the religious faith of Christianity were instilled throughout most of the western civilization. The time when mostly Gothic dominated the realm of expression. Gothic was everywhere; it was in painting, in sculpture, and primarily in architecture. Gothic architecture can understood thoroughly through the study in the form of cathedrals of that time. The cathedral stands as the most comprehensive of the various trends that was brought along with the gothic architecture. If there was a cataclysmic event during that time where every thing was destroyed except the cathedrals, they alone could help us define the values and all the questions about the time period. It is interesting story that the cathedrals try to tell with scholasticism, politics, and the religion under the influential umbrella of the Christian ideology. While it was a very practical and expressive on its own rights a magnificent feat in engineering and symbolically; the most notable part... ...ry of Art. London: Phaidon Press. info.com. (2012). gothic architecture. Retrieved 2013, from info.com: http://topics.info.com/Gothic-Architecture_2245 Morris, E. (2011). Exploring castles. Retrieved 2013, from http://www.exploring-castles.com/characteristics_of_gothic_architecture.html#.Uq_mxmRDt95 Panofsky, E. (n.d.). Abbot Suger, On Consecration. Princetom vinversity press. Salvadori, M. (1980). Why Buildings Stand Up. In M. Salvadori, Why Buildings Stand Up (p. 213). McGraw-Hill. unknown. (n.d.). Gothic Cathedrals. Retrieved 2013, from History of western civilization: http://mason.gmu.edu/~ddonald/imageassignment/cathedral.htm Verde, T. (2012, may). saudiaramcoworld. Retrieved from the point of the arch (This article appeared on pages 34-43 of the print edition of Saudi Aramco World): http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201203/the.point.of.the.arch.htm

To what extent did Russia undergo economic

To what extent did Russia undergo economic and political reform in the years 1906-14? After the 1905 revolution Russia was in need of reforms both economically and politically, to allow it maintain its role of a great power and to prevent another revolution occurring the answer to this was the October Manifesto. However, due to the stubbornness of the Tsar who was determined not to relinquish his autocratic powers, what may have appeared as reforms were largely superficial making little change in particular to the Russian political system. In early 1906 the OctoberManifesto was published as a result of the 1905 revolution and as a way to appease the peasants and appear as a revolutionary change, when truly very little was changed by this. Political activity was now legal so political parties now no longer needed to remain secrets; freedom of speech was also introduced along with the introduction of a state elected Duma. Most of these changes were made as a bid to make the peasants co ntent and prevent the chances of another revolution; however this also banned trade unions and newspapers. The introduction of the first Duma was short lived due to to the disapproval of the Tsar, who dissolved it under theFundamental Law, after only 73 days. This was due to the number of members that were revolutionaries, who wanted to push through more moral ideas and reforms than the Tsar was willing to do, only 2 out of 391 made it into the law. This then led to the Wborg manifesto, which was a group of frustrated Duma members teaming up to go against the Tsar's action of raising taxes – unfortunately this backfired, leading to all 200 members being banned from standing in the next Duma. The next Duma followed a similar suit, Just with the gaining of the Social Revolutionaries and theSocial Democrats gaining seats, it was the third and fourth Dumas that raised the most change within Russian society, but this may have been due to the Electoral Reform. In order to make sure that the government gained the best support, voting was restrained to the wealthy, meaning that only 30% of Russia could vote. This meant that the majority of the revolutionaries supporters could not vote, leading to to mostly pro-government parties winning the vote. The Duma was never seen as political institution and was never meant to be, it was supposed to be a simple forum o please the masses and make them believe that the autocracy was listening.The Third ; Fourth Dumas managed to make some successful reforms as the government were more inclined to listen to them, they managed to replace the biased Land Captains, introduced universal primary education, create health and accident insurance programmes and made improvements to the army and navy. Despite the fact that the Duma were never supposed to be parliamentary, they still successfully managed to have the Duma debates reported in the press, meaning that the reformers and radicals participating managed to influence public opi nion egitimately – something that had been denied to them previously.This reform had helped helped create political reform, as it had created a space where a forum for political debate could be taken note ot, and could be published without being censored. It meant that political parties had been established legally, and despite the fact that the Third and Fourth Dumas thwarted many reforms, they helped too, as not all of the seats in this institution had been pro-government. Another factor affecting the amount of political change over the years is the use of Peter Stolypin, the Russian Prime Minister from 1906- 1911.It is hard not to see Stolypin as a reformer, as he evidently saw what policies and laws needed to be changed or created in order to vanquish any repeat of the revolution, as he brought great changed to the Russian countryside, giving peasants the freedom to leave their communes, offering them cheap land in Siberia, or helping them to own their pieces of land thro ugh the redistribution of peasant wealth through the Land Bank.This had a big impact, as it lead to 50% of peasants having ownership of land, and agricultural production had risen from 45. 9 million tonnes to 61. 7 million tonnes in 1913. It is said by historians hat had war not broken out, Russia could have developed a more stable, loyal and prosperous peasantry, as Stolypin envisaged. On the other hand, despite the rise on crop yields and production, not much was done about the living and working conditions of Russia's industrial workers.This was definitely shown after his assassination, where a plague of Russian unrest came around again, only leading to the Lena Goldfield massacre of 1912 in Siberia, which led to strikers being killed by the police. This was then a tipping point for more strikes and demonstrations, reminiscent of the 1905 revolution, to take place, showing that despite the fact Stolypin had helped reform a little economically, it was immediately undone by the wra th of popular unrest amongst the lower classes once more.From these two arguments it is very easy to see points helping question the extent of the Russian economic and political changes over the years, but I believe that the true tipping point comes to the Fundamental Law. This Fundamental Law, created in 1906, created the constitution of the Russian Empire, creating a national parliament with the lower house (the Duma), being elected. This all sounds very good, and sounds like political eforms were in their heights in 1906 – but this was completely changed in Article 87.This gave the right for the Tsar to govern by decree, thereby ignoring his faithfully created' parliament. This basically meant that the creation of the Duma was practically pointless, as the Tsar could still change his mind as to what laws he wanted created, and which laws he would go against, putting incredible restrictions on how much could be done within the Russian Empire. Therefore, I find that the exte nt to which the Russian Empire underwent economic and political changes were the smallest possible, as Nicholas was not willing to create any reforms.

The Interaction Of Cognitive Therapy - 878 Words

The Interaction to Cognitive Therapy (ICS) Study An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. However, many evidences suggest that psychological treatments have been withdrawn to the many treatment trials that have been found in cognitive therapy such as drugs or different types of therapy that defends against depression. â€Å"The preventive interventions such as the drugs operate through effects in changing the patterns of the cognitive processing that becomes active in mild negative side effects† (Teasdale, Segal, Williams, 1995, p.25). The goal of any treatment is to reduce relapses and the recurrence in patients who have recovered from depression. Therefore, the interaction to cognitive subsystems (ICS), that frame works all aspects of information that may be developed. The understanding of depression and its treatment is by cognitive therapy. The different aspects and experiences are represented in patterns that are qualitatively different to ICS. Different inflections and patterns seem different, but are the inflections to pitch, or loudness that represents in a speech level code. Many analogies, recurring patterns are common to visual inputs from similar objects and what objects are different. All patterns are different and the level in mental codes that are used in the treatment of depression and a research done byShow MoreRelatedBehavioral Therapy Is A Strong Theory846 Words   |  4 PagesDuring major crisis and controversial times in an individual s life, cognitive-behavioral therapy is a strong theory. The practices focus on interventions that exemplify a client s positive and strong aspects, rather than analyzing problematic experiences immediately. Instead of following strict protocol, sessions are tailored to the individual s specialized needs, thereby giving the client a sense of new-found self control (Corey, 2013). Skills are adapted and discussed with clients by the â€Å"teachingRead MoreExploring Cognitive Behavior Theory And Therapy897 Words   |  4 PagesExploring Cognitive Behavior Theory and Therapy From the time of the advent of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and therapy until now, psychologists have searched for new and better ways to both understand and treat the human psyche. Many psychologists have spent their lives analyzing the complexities of human thought, behavior, and interactions with societal influences in order to find new ways to guide humans towards a more fulfilling human experience. Throughout time, various theories andRead MoreAnalysis Of Aaron Beck s Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Summary Aaron Beck developed the cognitive therapy concept in the 1960s. Beck was very ill as a child and perceive his mother to be depressed and unpredictable due to losing two children in their infancy due to illness. Beck graduated from Brown University and Yale Medical School. According to Beck’s daughter Judith, cognitive therapy is based on the ideas of the stoic philosophers in Greece and Rome (Seligman et al, 2014, p. 294) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was founded by Donald Meichenbaum,Read MoreCognitive Therapy And The Treatment Of Depression1089 Words   |  5 Pagesproven that Cognitive therapy works just as good as the medications given the right experience. The Interaction to Cognitive Therapy (ICS) Study An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. However, many evidences suggest that psychological treatments have been withdrawn to the many treatment trials that have been found in cognitive therapy such as drugsRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Counseling1051 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual. Cognitive-Behavior Theory Cognitive-behavioral theories are described as a set of related theories, which have evolved over time. There isn’t real definition of cognitive-behavioral theory. Both theories are tied together by similarities and techniques strategies. Cognitive Behavior theories maintain their role in which cognitions play in behavior and personalities. Cognitive-behavioral techniques target both cognitive and behavioral problems with the use of cognitive and behavioralRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1001 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction My topic is Social Anxiety Disorder. 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Finally, we willRead MoreIndividual And Family Structured Therapy Models Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesstructured therapy models, there exists pros and cons. Individual therapy, as mentioned before, is centered around a client–counselor interaction, where the counselor focuses his or her attention on the client’s needs. This provides a one–on–one interaction that encourages openness and security. During individual therapy, the client has the counselors undivided attention. This in return allows the counselor to focus specifically on the clients concerns. As weâ€⠄¢ve explored already, individual therapy hasRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe most cost effective interventions for adults with anxiety disorder appears to be individual forms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The mean total societal costs were lower for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as compared to Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Apeldoorn et al, 2014). In particular, self-help books are cost effective compared with other forms of treatment options. Drugs and group based psychologicalRead MoreFamily Systems Therapy: Four Models1272 Words   |  5 PagesFamily Systems Therapy: Four Models The process of individual therapeutic treatment will often result in heavy invocation of intimate personal relationships, formative experiences and conflict management. These characteristics would ultimately lead to the evolution of family systems therapy, a mode of treatment which recognizes the inherency that familial patterns and inter-relations possess where counseling and treatment are concerned. The school of though revolving around the family systems ideology

Themes, Symbols, and Feelings in The Yellow Wallpaper by...

In The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist symbolizes the effect of the oppression of women in society in the Nineteenth Century. In The Yellow Wallpaper, the author reveals the narrator is torn between hate and love, but emotion is difficult to determine. The effects are produced by the use of complex themes used in the story, which assisted her oppression and reflected on her self-expression. The yellow wallpaper is a symbol of oppression in a woman who felt her duties were limited as a wife and mother. The wallpaper shows a sign of female imprisonment. Since the wallpaper is always near her, the narrator begins to analyze the reasoning behind it. Over time, she begins to realize someone is behind the†¦show more content†¦Neurasthenia is the nervous disease the narrator is suffering from. Gilman expresses if the narrator is ill or if the â€Å"rest cure† treatment she is on is making her crazy(Wilson). Weir Mitchell was the authors/narrators doctor who prescribed her the â€Å"rest cure† treatment, which did not succeed(Gilman). The narrator tells her husband to help her and change the treatment, but he refuses her desires. As a result, the narrator became insane because her husband forced his wife to be in an oppressed situation with her health(MacPike). Within the story, Gilman represents the domestic sphere as a prison(Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism). The narrator is considered to be in prison but in a nursery because she cannot handle her duties as a mother to watch her children or a wife to clean(Delashmit). The windows in the room symbolize the windows in a prison cell. She feels as though, since someone is behind the wallpaper, she is being watched(MacPike). The role of women in the 19th century was reflected in The Yellow Wallpaper. In the 19th century, husbands and fathers did not allow females to interact with certain activities. Women duties were based upon their children and their household(Stansell). In The Yellow Wallpaper, John wants the narrator to cater to himself and their child. Although John tries to govern the narrator, his society is the based on the same nature. The narrator and the woman in theShow MoreRelatedSymbolism of the Setting of The Yellow Wallpaper1198 Words   |  5 PagesVolpe 1 Marissa Volpe Prof. Baker ENC 1102 4/10/14 Symbolism In The Gothic Setting of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Gothic literature is incredibly distinct. There is a sort of formula involved with writing in the Gothic style, and one of the most important aspects of this is the setting, which can include anything from the architecture of the buildings to the color of the leaves on the trees. The setting of a story is a vital element, as it would seem to be that the most effective way of drawing Read MoreTaylor Tuscai. Mr. Schoen. English Ii Pre-Ap. April 28,1233 Words   |  5 PagesMovement† Charlotte Perkins Gilman is widely recognized for her support of feminism and calls for awareness to her mental condition by voicing her ideas through her original writing. One of her works, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, describes a woman who suffers from severe anxiety and is isolated in a room in order to â€Å"heal† according to her husband. While in the room, she becomes obsessed with the ugly wallpaper, which leads to her fall. In the short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins GilmanRead MoreYellow Wallpaper Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman (Full name Charlotte Anna Perkins Stetson Gilman) American short story writer, essayist, novelist, and autobiographer. The following entry presents criticism of Gilman s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† (1892). The short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by nineteenth-century feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman, was first published in 1892 in New England Magazine. Gilman s story, based upon her own experience with a â€Å"rest cure† for mental illness, wasRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1511 Words   |  7 Pagestime period. One of these writers was Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Her work, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, addresses the reality of gender status and roles and the treatment of psychological disorders during the nineteenth century. When explicating her work through a psychological perspective, it is clear to see how Gilman uses setting, symbolism, and personification to portray a realistic view of a woman with a psychological disorder and her treatment. Charlotte Gilman applies her own experiences with herRead More Essay on Janes Search for Self-identity in The Yellow Wallpaper609 Words   |  3 PagesJanes Search for Self-identity in The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚      The Yellow Wallpaper, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the late nineteenth century, explores the dark forbidding world of one womans plunge into a severe post-partum depressive state. The story presents a theme of the search for self-identity. Through interacting with human beings and the environment, the protagonist creates for herself a life of her own. Charlotte Gilman, through the first person narrator, speaks toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1523 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the literary approach in which the reader sees the text as if it were some kind of dream. Like psychoanalysis itself, this critical attempt seeks evidence of unresolved emotions, psychological conflicts, guilt, and ambivalences within â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. In this particular story, the reader must analyze the language and symbolism of the text to reverse the process of the dream in order to reveal the hidden thoughts/meaning of the storyRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Postpartum Depression1581 Words   |  7 PagesThe Portrayal of Postpartum-Depression in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† â€Å"The Yellow wallpaper† is a story about a woman going through a mental breakdown. She has recently had a baby and is suffering from postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Charlotte portrays postpartum depression very accurately in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. She writes about how others do not understand her needs and how they will not listen to what she wants to say. Postpartum depression is a serious form of depressionRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper2088 Words   |  9 PagesCritical Analysis of Formal Elements in the Short Story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, published in 1899, is a semi-autobiographical short story depicting a young woman’s struggle with depression that is virtually untreated and her subsequent descent into madness. Although the story is centered on the protagonist’s obsessive description of the yellow wallpaper and her neurosis, the story serves a higher purpose as a testamentRead More What Others Say about The Yellow Wallpaper1572 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Others Say about The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1890 and eventually published in 1892 in the New England Magazine and in William Dean Howells collection, Great Modern American Stories (Shumaker 94). The story was original not only because of its subject matter, but also because it is written in the form of a loosely connected journal. It follows the narrators private thoughts which become increasingly more confusingRead MoreComparison between The Yellow Wallpaper and A Rose for Emily969 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Women need real moments of solitude and self-reflection to balance out how much of ourselves we give away† (Angelis, BrainyQuote). This statement reflects the theme of isolation and how one can truly understand themselves through self-reflection and time spent in loneliness. In the short stories, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, both female protagonists, experience a time of seclusion leading to self- realization. Hence, both of

Is Christopher Nolan A Modern Hollywood Auteur - 1497 Words

Following the release of his movie, Inception, The Guardian ran an article comparing Christopher Nolan to famed Hollywood auteur, Stanley Kubrick. Most readers subsequently reacted negatively to the article’s central premise. However, The Guardian’s readers concurrently began pondering another question: is Christopher Nolan a modern Hollywood auteur? According to many scholastic sources, Nolan should not even be considered for auteur status. Most of these naysayers point out that six of his eight feature films have been remakes, adaptations, or film franchises. However, upon closer examination, Christopher Nolan expresses a level of artistic continuity and control throughout his body of work that qualifies him for auteur status. This consistency and control is apparent in the composition of his workshop and in his plot themes and mise-en-scene. In auteur theory, a director must express control over the industrial process of film production in order to be considere d a true auteur. Christopher Nolan controls his workshop in two ways: by taking on several roles in the filmmaking process and by maintaining personnel consistency over time. Nolan notoriously not just directs his films but also frequently writes or co-writes his scripts. In fact, Nolan has had at least a part in writing each of his films with the exception of Insomnia. Nolan also frequently produces his own films – often in collaboration with his wife and/or brother. In addition, Nolan maintains theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Romantic Notion of a Film Director 2217 Words   |  9 Pagescritical material, primarily Andrà © Bazin and Roland Barthes and applying them to several case study films directed by Christopher Nolan including The Following (1998), The Prestige (2006) and Inception (2010), to examine whether Nolan possesses the qualities of an auteur and if so, does that imply an ideological view of what the auteur resembles or an artistic one. The term auteur theory arose in France during the 1940’s, a foundation to the French cinematic movement known as the nouvelle vagueRead MoreThe French New Wave Cinema1905 Words   |  8 Pagesconsidered one of the most influential periods in cinematic history. The filmmaking techniques and ideas utilized during the French New Wave period can still be seen in modern cinema, with some films uses them more than others. Two films that more obviously been influenced by the era are Quentin Tarantino s 1992 film Reservoir Dogs and Christopher Nolan’s 2000 film Memento. These films exude many traits and styles synonymous with French New Wave cinema such as jump cuts and non-continuity editing, a lowRead MoreChristopher Nol An Auteur And Postmodern Filmmaker2218 Words   |  9 PagesChristopher Nolan is an auteur and postmodern filmmaker. He started off making low budget ‘indie’ films, his first being Doodlebug. He has now risen to being one of the biggest names in Hollywood and creating blockbusters that not only are visual masterpieces but thought provoking journeys. He respects film as an art form, thus allowing him to create some of the top ranked films this century and The Dark Night and Momento are even classed among the greatest films of all time. He has 122 major wins

Gas War Essay Research Paper Gasoline is free essay sample

Gas War Essay, Research Paper Gasoline is produced by a distillment procedure where petroleum oil is heated and exhausts are captured and converted into many merchandises such as kerosine, jet fuel, and gasolene to call a few. Therefore the monetary value of rough oil, which is extracted from oil Wellss beneath the earths surface, is a major factor in gas monetary values. The five prima oil-producing states and their approximative portions of the universe supply of oil are: Soviet Union 21 % , Saudi Arabia 17 % , The United States 15 % , Venezuela 4 % , and Mexico 4 % . These five states made up 61 % of the universes oil production back in 1980. Even though The United States is a major manufacturer of oil, it does non do them self-sufficing. The United States uses more oil than they can bring forth and must look towards foreign states. An organisation called O.P.E.C. controls about four fifths of the universes oil militias in the non-communist universe. The United States is forced to cover with O.P.E.C. , non merely in its ain involvements, but besides in the involvement of its Alliess and in the involvement of keeping peace. The former Soviet Union may now hold an involvement in selling some of their oil that they have a enormous sum of. O.P.E.C. which stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is made up of 13 states: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, and Gabon. O.P.E.C. was founded in Baghdad, Iraq in September of 1960. It was organized in response to oil bring forthing states that did non confer with with the Middle Eastern oil provinces before take downing their rough oil monetary values. The manufacturers feared that other states would set up monopolies. The purpose of O.P.E.C. was to make a cosmopolitan monetary value between the states, in order to guarantee peace between oil manufacturers throughout the universe. O.P.E.C. be sides wanted to supply its members with proficient and economic support in times of demand, since non all the states were wholly stable. The central offices were ab initio set in Geneva, but were subsequently moved to Vienna in 1965. O.P.E.C. # 8217 ; s end was to set up steadfastly incorporate monetary values amongst their members, but the organisation was non ever successful. In their quest for control over the universe market of oil production, they have ran into several obstructions and reverses. O.P.E.C. has hardly survived being eliminated due to internal struggles amongst its members. Since O.P.E.C. about has a strangle clasp on the universes oil supply, The United States is highly concerned with the countries instability. The Middle East and the Persian Gulf country, where most of the members are located, are highly prone to wars, both civil and transverse boundary lines, plagued by spiritual conflicts, and places of power are often overthrown, doing it difficult for any stableness to come out of the country. Any clip there is pandemonium in the Middle East, The United States thinks back on # 8220 ; # 8230 ; memories of other problems in the Persian Gulf country: the Arab oil trade stoppage in 1973-74, the Persian revolution in 1979-80 and Saddam Hussein # 8217 ; s invasion of Kuwait in 1990. # 8221 ; ( 1 ) The country is besides critical to our Alliess, who would be crippled without Gulf oil, whose support we are dependent on. In 1973 O.P.E.C. raised oil monetary val ues 70 % . # 8220 ; The dominant Middle Eastern members of O.P.E.C. used succeeding monetary value additions as a political arm aimed at Western states in revenge for their support of Israel against its Arab neighbours in the alleged Yom Kippur War of October 1973. Monetary values were consequently raised another 130 % at the Tehran conference of December 1973, and a impermanent trade stoppage was placed on the United States and the Netherlands at the same clip. Other monetary values increases followed in 1975, 1977, 1979, and 1980, which finally raised the monetary value of a barrel of rough oil from United States $ 3.00 in 1973 to $ 30.00 in 1980. # 8221 ; ( 2 ) Almost every college pupil has heard narratives from friends or relations about the gas crunch in the 1970 # 8217 ; s. Peoples waited in lines that stretched for stat mis, and could merely acquire gas on certain yearss depending on the first missive of your last name. O.P.E.C. used the money they raised to put in other states, placed in foreign Bankss, currency markets, and to assist their ain economic systems through inner development. O.P.E.C. is besides highly interested in maximising net incomes, but in such a trust, it is impossible to happen a monetary value that will maximise net incomes. O.P.E.C. has attempted to raise monetary values several times by cutting production. Harmonizing to economic theory, a lessening in supply will give higher monetary values. These are some of the grounds The United States must offer stableness and continue to hold military personnels in the country, step ining when the universes oil and its monetary values are in hazard. Presently rough oil monetary values are lifting due to the bombardments in Saudi Arabia. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; It has continued to surge, to more than $ 24 a barrel, up 34 % from one twelvemonth ago, the highest degree since the 1991 Persian Gulf War. # 8221 ; ( 3 ) This addition has been contributed to several factors: 1 ) the lifting demand of rough oil throughout the universe 2 ) the tight stock lists because of the belief that supplies are traveling to run low 3 ) the current convulsion that exists in the country and 4 ) heating demands of the abnormally cold winter. These factors have already raised the monetary values of Diesel fuel, jet fuel, and place warming oil. This is of major concern to teamsters, air hoses, and place warming oil companies. As a consequence of these monetary value additions, air hose ticket monetary values will besides increase. These are merely a few of the elements that consequence monetary values, but none of them have the power to greatly alter the mo netary value that exist at the pumps. The demand of rough oil is ever cyclical. The United States demands more gasolene in spring and summer months than in the autumn or winter, due to people driving more. The current tendency in vehicles has moved to larger athletics public-service corporation V ehicles from little economic system autos of the past and devour more gas and acquire less stat mis per gallon. The state is invariably seeking for new and more efficient signifiers of energy. More significantly the state is seeking for agencies of energy that will non do Americans poorer. The undermentioned chart shows the monetary value of oil per barrel over the last twelvemonth. These monetary values match the additions that take topographic point at the pumps. States around the universe are hanging on the determination of Iraq, sing reclamation of oil gross revenues. However, the fact remains that if Iraq so decides to regenerate oil gross revenues, will monetary values truly drop? Even if Iraq gets back into the concern of selling oil, it would be improbable to do a drastic displacement in the monetary value of a gallon of gasolene. Saddam Hussein # 8217 ; s actions have non been stable in the last few months. Iraq was supposed to get down exporting on Memorial Day, but due to fickle behaviour, negotiations have been put on the back burner. Since there are so many factors involved, even if Iraq exports a enormous sum of oil, consumers will likely non cognize the difference. Other factors, other than the demand and monetary value of rough oil in the universe consequence monetary values. Several breaks in The United States production of oil has staggered the states production. The United States is the lone major oil-producing state where oil bring forthing evidences are owned by the land proprietor and non belongings of the authorities. This makes for inefficient boring since one party is non wholly responsible for garnering all the oil. Average production per well is merely 15 barrels per twenty-four hours, far less than any other oil bring forthing states. Alaska has the best oil bring forthing land, but due to the land and rough clime, it makes it difficult to garner. It is besides really expensive to develop methods of transit which slows assemblage of the oil. # 8220 ; Several refineries # 8212 ; on the West Coast, in the East and on the Gulf Coast # 8211 ; have experienced operational troubles which affected merchandise supplies in the marketplace. # 8221 ; ( 4 ) It is rumored that their are supply armored combat vehicles buried someplace near the Gulf of M exico that could back up the state for 66 yearss if anything were to go on. The United States and other states have been looking into alternate signifiers of energy in order to take down their dependence towards foreign oil. Money is being spent into researching solar, hydro, atomic, and jump signifiers of energy. Government ordinances besides create alterations in gas monetary values. California has late gone threw monetary value additions at the pumps due to new statute law. The province is to a great extent overpopulated and has the worst smog of all the provinces. California gas Stationss are altering to a cleansing agent gas that will do less air pollution, but will be more expensive. The addition is about 10-12 cents. That is the monetary value Californians are traveling to hold to pay for cleaner air. Another authorities ordinance is aimed towards the refiners of the oil. The authorities is seting force per unit area to alter from their winter classs which are oxygenated, to summer classs that have lower evaporability, assisting the environment. These costs to exchange fuel show up at the pumps, the populace has to pay for governmental research and environmental safeguards. The United States doesn # 8217 ; Ts have it every bit bad as some other states. The U.S. pays an norm of $ 1.21 p er gallon of gasolene. Japan pays $ 5.35/gallon, Germany pays $ 4.04/gallon, The United Kingdom pays $ 3.38/gallon and Mexico pays $ 1.55/gallon. All four are significantly more than the United States wages. Taxs are the largest constituent of the monetary values we pay at the pumps. # 8220 ; Taxes were the individual largest constituent cost of gasolene, amounting to 42.4 cents per gallon, including 18.4 cents per gallon in federal revenue enhancements, 22 cents per gallon in leaden mean province revenue enhancements and an estimated 2 cents per gallon in local taxes. # 8221 ; ( 5 ) The President of The United States of America, Bill Clinton, has on several occasions proposed to increase the revenue enhancements put on gas. In 1993 Clinton proposed a gas revenue enhancement that raised the monetary values at the pumps by 7.5 cents per gallon, a 6 % addition of the monetary value. Then in 1996, Bill Clinton made a proposal to raise gas revenue enhancements by an extra 2.5 % . Clinton wanted to raise monetary values 10 cents per gallon overall in his four old ages in office, all portion of his # 8220 ; shortage decrease program # 8221 ; . ( 6 ) Clinton # 8217 ; s full run was based a round non aching the American people with revenue enhancements, but one time in the white house, has made the record books with the highest sum of gasolene revenue enhancements of all time. Taxs are so much a portion of the monetary values we pay that # 8220 ; # 8230 ; in 1981 when pump monetary values where at an all clip high of $ 2.27 per gallon, the revenue enhancements were merely 27.7 cents per gallon. The existent cost of motor gasolene to consumers fell by about a dollar per gallon between 1981 and 1995, but over the same period federal, province and local motor gasolene revenue enhancements increased by about 15 cents per gallon. # 8221 ; ( 7 ) Taxes in the United provinces have increased an norm of 15.6 % in the last three old ages. mThis chart shows some United States metropoliss and the monetary value additions. Many factors influence the monetary values of gasolene. Gasoline monetary values are affected by the monetary value of rough oil in the universe market, supply and demand for gasolene, local market competition, impermanent supply breaks, authorities ordinances, or revenue enhancements. Everyday new things can go on to alter the monetary values that American consumers pay at the pumps. The United States is dependent on foreign oil and must go on to guarantee stableness in the Middle East, or until we have found alternate beginnings of energy. Taxes will go on to mount due to the rise of authorities control. Regulations will go on to go stricter until gasoline use is more environmentally friendly. It looks as if gas monetary values will go on to fluctuate, but over clip will be given to lift. Bibliography no remark